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Executive orders
A signature in the Oval Office can redirect federal agencies and put a campaign promise into motion. It does not settle whether the order is lawful, how it will be implemented or whom it will affect. Start with the emergency-powers record below, then read the signed orders themselves in the Federal Register or the original PDFs.
Presidential powers · the comparative record
Governing by emergency.
A Man to End All Wars? Domestic force and presidential power →
Compare reviewed invocations of emergency authority across seven presidential terms.
Reviewed executive orders and proclamations invoking emergency authority, by days since inauguration. Dates are Federal Register publication dates, which can lag signing. Dataset updated May 5, 2026; the chart records that historical dataset. Lines stop at their last qualifying document; Trump II’s last qualifying publication is April 9, 2026.
Text alternative: counts and observation dates
| Term | Documents in this window | Last qualifying publication |
|---|---|---|
| Bush I | 31 | 2004-12-02 |
| Bush II | 23 | 2008-07-29 |
| Obama I | 25 | 2012-10-12 |
| Obama II | 33 | 2017-01-18 |
| Trump I | 53 | 2021-01-25 |
| Biden | 43 | 2025-01-17 |
| Trump II | 69 | 2026-04-09 |
Trump II: inspect all 69 underlying documents
- Declaring a National Emergency at the Southern Border of the United States ↗︎2025-01-29 · Day 9 · Proclamation · 2025-01948
- Guaranteeing the States Protection Against Invasion ↗︎2025-01-29 · Day 9 · Proclamation · 2025-01951
- Unleashing American Energy ↗︎2025-01-29 · Day 9 · Executive Order · 2025-01956
- Declaring a National Energy Emergency ↗︎2025-01-29 · Day 9 · Executive Order · 2025-02003
- Designating Cartels and Other Organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists ↗︎2025-01-29 · Day 9 · Executive Order · 2025-02004
- Realigning the United States Refugee Admissions Program ↗︎2025-01-30 · Day 10 · Executive Order · 2025-02011
- Emergency Measures To Provide Water Resources in California and Improve Disaster Response in Certain Areas ↗︎2025-01-31 · Day 11 · Executive Order · 2025-02174
- Imposing Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border ↗︎2025-02-07 · Day 18 · Executive Order · 2025-02406
- Imposing Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border ↗︎2025-02-07 · Day 18 · Executive Order · 2025-02407
- Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-02-07 · Day 18 · Executive Order · 2025-02408
- Progress on the Situation at Our Northern Border ↗︎2025-02-10 · Day 21 · Executive Order · 2025-02478 · Termination / pause
- Progress on the Situation at Our Southern Border ↗︎2025-02-10 · Day 21 · Executive Order · 2025-02479 · Termination / pause
- Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-02-11 · Day 22 · Executive Order · 2025-02512
- Imposing Sanctions on the International Criminal Court ↗︎2025-02-12 · Day 23 · Executive Order · 2025-02612
- Immediate Expansion of American Timber Production ↗︎2025-03-06 · Day 45 · Executive Order · 2025-03695
- Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border ↗︎2025-03-06 · Day 45 · Executive Order · 2025-03728
- Amendment to Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border ↗︎2025-03-06 · Day 45 · Executive Order · 2025-03729
- Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-03-07 · Day 46 · Executive Order · 2025-03775
- Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border ↗︎2025-03-11 · Day 50 · Executive Order · 2025-03990
- Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Southern Border ↗︎2025-03-11 · Day 50 · Executive Order · 2025-03991
- Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production ↗︎2025-03-25 · Day 64 · Executive Order · 2025-05212
- Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil ↗︎2025-03-27 · Day 66 · Executive Order · 2025-05440
- Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports ↗︎2025-04-07 · Day 77 · Executive Order · 2025-06027
- Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits ↗︎2025-04-07 · Day 77 · Executive Order · 2025-06063
- Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-04-14 · Day 84 · Executive Order · 2025-06378
- Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241 ↗︎2025-04-14 · Day 84 · Executive Order · 2025-06380
- Strengthening the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid ↗︎2025-04-14 · Day 84 · Executive Order · 2025-06381
- Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment ↗︎2025-04-15 · Day 85 · Executive Order · 2025-06462
- Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles ↗︎2025-05-02 · Day 102 · Executive Order · 2025-07835
- Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-05-21 · Day 121 · Executive Order · 2025-09297
- Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security ↗︎2025-05-29 · Day 129 · Executive Order · 2025-09796
- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum and Steel Into the United States ↗︎2025-06-09 · Day 140 · Proclamation · 2025-10524
- Sustaining Select Efforts To Strengthen the Nation's Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144 ↗︎2025-06-11 · Day 142 · Executive Order · 2025-10804
- Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal ↗︎2025-06-23 · Day 154 · Executive Order · 2025-11473
- Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions ↗︎2025-07-03 · Day 164 · Executive Order · 2025-12506 · Termination / pause
- Extending the Modification of the Reciprocal Tariff Rates ↗︎2025-07-10 · Day 171 · Executive Order · 2025-12962
- Regulatory Relief for Certain Stationary Sources To Promote American Chemical Manufacturing Security ↗︎2025-07-23 · Day 184 · Proclamation · 2025-13890
- Adjusting Imports of Copper Into the United States ↗︎2025-08-05 · Day 197 · Proclamation · 2025-14893
- Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil ↗︎2025-08-05 · Day 197 · Executive Order · 2025-14896
- Suspending Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries ↗︎2025-08-05 · Day 197 · Executive Order · 2025-14897
- Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border ↗︎2025-08-06 · Day 198 · Executive Order · 2025-14999
- Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates ↗︎2025-08-06 · Day 198 · Executive Order · 2025-15010
- Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation ↗︎2025-08-11 · Day 203 · Executive Order · 2025-15267
- Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia ↗︎2025-08-14 · Day 206 · Executive Order · 2025-15550
- Further Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Ongoing Discussions With the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-08-14 · Day 206 · Executive Order · 2025-15554
- Additional Measures To Address the Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia ↗︎2025-08-28 · Day 220 · Executive Order · 2025-16614
- Measures To End Cashless Bail and Enforce the Law in the District of Columbia ↗︎2025-08-28 · Day 220 · Executive Order · 2025-16615
- Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement ↗︎2025-09-09 · Day 232 · Executive Order · 2025-17389
- Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements ↗︎2025-09-10 · Day 233 · Executive Order · 2025-17507
- Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations ↗︎2025-09-23 · Day 246 · Executive Order · 2025-18479
- Adjusting Imports of Timber, Lumber, and Their Derivative Products Into the United States ↗︎2025-10-06 · Day 259 · Proclamation · 2025-19482
- Adjusting Imports of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Parts, and Buses Into the United States ↗︎2025-10-22 · Day 275 · Proclamation · 2025-19639
- Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-11-07 · Day 291 · Executive Order · 2025-19825
- Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China ↗︎2025-11-07 · Day 291 · Executive Order · 2025-19826
- Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products ↗︎2025-11-25 · Day 309 · Executive Order · 2025-21203
- Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil ↗︎2025-11-26 · Day 310 · Executive Order · 2025-21417
- Designation of Certain Muslim Brotherhood Chapters as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists ↗︎2025-11-28 · Day 312 · Executive Order · 2025-21664
- Safeguarding Venezuelan Oil Revenue for the Good of the American and Venezuelan People ↗︎2026-01-15 · Day 360 · Executive Order · 2026-00831
- Establishing a Second Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations ↗︎2026-01-20 · Day 365 · Executive Order · 2026-01061
- Addressing State and Local Failures To Rebuild Los Angeles After Wildfire Disasters ↗︎2026-01-29 · Day 374 · Executive Order · 2026-01871
- Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba ↗︎2026-02-03 · Day 379 · Executive Order · 2026-02250
- Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran ↗︎2026-02-11 · Day 387 · Executive Order · 2026-02813
- Modifying Duties To Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation ↗︎2026-02-11 · Day 387 · Executive Order · 2026-02818 · Termination / pause
- Strengthening United States National Defense With America's Beautiful Clean Coal Power Generation Fleet ↗︎2026-02-17 · Day 393 · Executive Order · 2026-03156
- Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries ↗︎2026-02-25 · Day 401 · Executive Order · 2026-03829
- Ending Certain Tariff Actions ↗︎2026-02-25 · Day 401 · Executive Order · 2026-03832 · Termination / pause
- Adjusting Certain Delegations Under the Defense Production Act ↗︎2026-03-18 · Day 422 · Executive Order · 2026-05382
- Adjusting Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceutical Ingredients Into the United States ↗︎2026-04-09 · Day 444 · Proclamation · 2026-06956
- Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries ↗︎2026-04-09 · Day 444 · Executive Order · R1-2026-03829
Method, scope and sources
This chart counts all 277 workbook rows marked “Yes” for invocation, including rows also marked termination or pause. These are gross document counts, not Ridgeline’s net emergency-orders measure. An invocation is not necessarily a new national emergency, nor a finding that an action was lawful or effective.
Bush and Obama terms are split at January 25, 2005, and January 25, 2013, to allow for publication lag. Days are measured from January 20 inaugurations, with negative publication offsets set to zero. Full-term view covers days 0–1,500; Trump’s second term remains an incomplete snapshot.
AP counted orders and memoranda citing emergency authority. Ridgeline reviewed orders and proclamations and excludes memoranda. Their totals are not interchangeable; this is a reconstruction from Ridgeline’s workbook, not AP data.
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501 records · 24 shown